BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basalioma, is a common type of skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis. Unlike melanoma, which is aggressive and rapidly spreads, basal cell carcinoma tends to remain localised and rarely metastasises (0.003% to 0.5% of cases).
Prevalence of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of non-melanoma skin cancers in the UK. It is more frequently diagnosed in individuals with fair skin and typically appears after the age of 40, with a higher incidence in men than women.
Symptoms of Basal Cell Carcinoma
In its early stages, basal cell carcinoma can be asymptomatic. The following signs may indicate its presence:
Monitoring any changes to your skin, particularly wounds that do not heal and tend to bleed, is crucial.
Causes of Basal Cell Carcinoma
The main causes of basal cell carcinoma include:
Genetic predisposition.
Psoriasis treatments.
Compromised immune system.
Ionising radiation exposure.
Exposure to arsenic.
Use of tanning beds and sunlamps.
Prolonged exposure to UV radiation (UVA and UVB).
Diagnosing Basal Cell Carcinoma
Irregular scar (sclerodermiform form).
Elevated patch (plaque-like form).
Non-healing wound (ulcerated form).
Pinkish nodule that grows slowly (nodular form).
Persistent redness that expands (erythematous form).
Treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma
The treatment for basal cell carcinoma depends on the stage of the tumour and the patient’s condition. Treatment options include:
Surgery: Removal of the tumour under local anaesthesia.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT): Use of photosensitising drugs followed by exposure to a specific light source.
Topical treatments: Application of chemotherapy or immune-stimulating creams.
Cryotherapy: Use of liquid nitrogen to freeze the tumour.
CO2 laser therapy: Laser-based destruction of cancerous tissue.
Mohs surgery: Layer-by-layer removal of tissue with microscopic examination.
Curettage and Electrodessication: Scraping off the lesion and destroying residual cancer cells.
Preventing Basal Cell Carcinoma
Preventive measures are essential in reducing the risk of basal cell carcinoma. Key actions include:
Performing regular self-examinations.
Avoiding tanning beds.
Wearing hats and sunglasses.
Using high-protection sunscreen regularly.
Avoiding sun exposure during peak hours.
Self-Examination of the Skin
During self-examinations, pay attention to:
The diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma is made through:
Changes: Alterations in colour, size, shape, or thickness.
Borders: Irregular or jagged edges.
Colour: Variations in the colour of moles or lesions.
Asymmetry: Irregularly shaped lesions.
If you notice any suspicious changes, it is crucial to consult a doctor for a professional evaluation.
Dermatological examination
Dermoscopy (epiluminescence): A non-invasive technique for detailed observation of skin lesions.
Biopsy: Removal of a small tissue sample for microscopic analysis.
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